Muslims plead to be guided to the
straight path at least seventeen times a day while reciting Surat
Al-Fatihah (the first chapter of the Qur’an) in the five daily prayers.
How many of us have reflected on the nature of this guidance and the
path that we are supposed to be upon?
“Guide us” (Ihdina)
In Arabic the word hidayah does not simply mean guidance, but it means to guide gently. The word “gift” (hadiyyah) in Arabic also comes from the same root letters as the word for guidance (hidayah).
Religious guidance is the greatest gift that a person can possess. It
is also something that we do not control or own, but rather it is
bestowed upon us in an act of infinite mercy and grace of Allah (Exalted
is He).
Notice how it is in the plural- not
‘guide me’ but “guide us”. This instills in us a sense of brotherhood by
making this request on behalf of fellow Muslims, especially as we stand
in prayer as a group.
Types of Hidayah Mentioned in the Qur’an
There are four types of hidayah mentioned in the Qur’an, according to (Ibn Al-Qayyim).
1- General hidayah that is given
to all creation. This type of guidance and knowledge is given by Allah
to all created things. By this guidance, animals, plants and even
inanimate objects fulfill the purpose for which they were created. This
also includes the general intellect, wits and inherent intuitive
knowledge given to all responsible beings regardless of their faith.
This is referred to in the following verse:
He said, “Our Lord is He Who gave each thing its form and then guided (it)”. (Ta-Ha 20:50)
2- Hidayah that is in the form of
explanation and education by way of defining the two paths of good and
evil. It is when someone guides you by explaining that which is good and
warns you from that which is evil according to Islam. This is the type
of hidayah referred to in this verse::
And indeed, (O Muhammad), you guide to a straight path. (Ash-Shura 42:52)
3- Hidayah that is tawfiq (a specific type of divine guidance) and inspiration (ilham) from Allah to be guided to the truth of iman (faith), Islam (submission), etc. The following verses refer to this type.
…Thus does Allah leave astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills. (Al-Muddaththir 74:31)
No disaster strikes except by
permission of Allah. And whoever believes in Allah He will guide his
heart. And Allah is Knowing of all things. (At-Taghabun 64:11)
4- Hidayah that is in the next life, by which one shall be guided to Paradise.
And We will have removed whatever is within their breasts of
resentment, (while) flowing beneath them are rivers. And they will say,
“Praise to Allah, who has guided us to this”. (Al-A`raf 7:43)
Each one of the above types of hidayah
has a sequential connection and relationship. Without the first level
of guidance you will not have the capacity to attain the second and
without the second you cannot attain the third and fourth levels.
We have absolutely no power to guide anyone using any of the above types of guidance except for the second type of hidayah that is explanation and education. This type of guidance is what is referred to in the following verses.
And indeed, (O Muhammad), you guide to a straight path. (Ash-Shura 42:52)
You are only a warner, and for every people is a guide. (Ar-Ra`d 13:7)
The remaining types of guidance, particularly the third type which is tawfiq from Allah to have iman, are what are referred to in the following verse of the Qur’an, again addressing the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him):
Indeed, (O Muhammad), you do not guide whom you like, but Allah guides
whom He wills. And He is most knowing of the (rightly) guided. (Al-Qasas 28:56)
In other words even the Prophets cannot
guide whom they choose to become believers in the sense of actually
putting faith in a person’s heart. They can only guide in terms of
explanation, exhortation, clarification and instruction regarding the
truth.
The first lesson here is that we should
seek guidance in every matter with Allah first and foremost before
turning to others. Secondly, it should humble those of us who are
inviting or ‘guiding’ others to Islam to acknowledge and internalize the
fact that we have no real power over this matter, and that true
guidance is the sole dominion of Allah, the ‘turner of the hearts’.
However, that should not make us despair
of the work we do, for which our reward is with Allah. But rather it
should increase our confidence in inviting others knowing that the
result is not dependent on ‘my da`wah’ or speech, which is full
of weakness and defects, but is in the hands of Allah Who can instantly
change the hearts of the most wicked and tyrannical into the most pure
and righteous.
The Ten Levels of Guidance
A Muslim may question why he or she has
to ask for guidance at least seventeen times a day whilst they have
already been guided to Islam. Scholars have explained that it is because
firstly we ask for constancy (thabat) on guidance and secondly
because there are so many levels and aspects of guidance that we are in
need of in every detail of our daily life.
The following will help to clarify. For
example, there are a further ten levels of guidance that need to be
attained for one to be truly guided. (Ibn Al-Qayyim)
Therefore one should bear in mind when asking for guidance that one is asking Allah to:
1- Be granted guidance of knowledge and clarity, in order for one to know and reach the truth.
2- For the capacity to be guided
3- Make one desirous of guidance
4- Make one act upon the guidance
5- Make one remain steadfast on guidance
6- Remove all barriers and obstructions that impede guidance
7- Be granted a distinctive and detailed level of guidance on the path itself and its stations
8- Be granted sight of one’s ultimate
goal along the path, to be alerted to it so that one can perceive it on
the journey, catching sight of it without being blocked from seeing it.
9- Make one aware of one’s own destitution and desperate need for guidance (from Allah) over and above all other necessities.
10- Make one see the two misguided paths
that veer off from the path of guidance; firstly the path of the people
of wrath- those who intentionally, out of rebellion, turned away from
following the truth; secondly the path of the people of misguidance-
those who turned away out of ignorance and misguidance. One then sees
the straight path upon which are all the Prophets and Messengers (peace
be upon them) along with their followers from the truthful (siddiqeen), the martyrs and the righteous.
We are instructed by Allah to ask for guidance to the straight path (as-sirat al-mustaqim). What then is the nature of this path?
Description of the Straight Path
In the language of the Arabs a path (sirat) needs to possess five qualities for it to be called a sirat. The path needs to be:
1- Straight
2- Easy to travel upon
3- A familiar well-trodden path
4- Wide and spacious
5- Leading one to the desired destination
Since the path that we are asking
guidance to is Islam itself, notice and reflect on how these qualities
apply to Islam. Islam is straight in that it is a correct and firmly
established way, pure and protected from any crookedness or deviation
from the truth. Allah describes those who want to block people on the
path of Allah:
…Who averted (people) from the way of Allah and sought to make it
(seem) deviant while they were, concerning the Hereafter, disbelievers. (Al-A`raf 7:45)
Islam is also easy as Allah has said:
Allah intends for you ease, and does not want to make things difficult for you, (Al-Baqarah 2:185))
and as the Prophet said, “The deen (Islam/religion) is easy…” (Al-Bukhari).
Allah does not burden a soul beyond its
capacity. There will be challenges, temptations and difficulties in
living as a Muslim but they are things that we ultimately have the
capacity to bear. Everything in Shari`ah (Islamic law) benefits us or
wards off harm for us in this world and/or the next.
Islam, which is submission to the
commands of Allah, is also a familiar and well-trodden path, the path of
all the Prophets and their followers. As Allah says:
And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger – those will be with the ones
upon whom Allah has bestowed favour of the prophets, the steadfast
affirmers of truth, the martyrs and the righteous. And excellent are
those as companions. (An-Nisaa’ 4:69)
The final, universal revelation of Islam
is wide and spacious and accommodates all, regardless of color, race or
social status. It is us with our parochial attitudes that restrict the
vastness of this path to our favorite ‘saved’ group, way of thinking,
sheikh or a specific allegiance that excludes others that Islam hasn’t
excluded.
Ibn Majah records that the Prophet
(peace be upon him) said, “I have left you on a (wide, spacious) clear
(white) path, its night is like its day, whoever deviates from this
after me will be destroyed….”
Indeed, the path of Islam leads to the desired destination, which is Allah’s Pleasure gained by obeying Him. Allah says:
So those who believe in Allah and hold fast to Him – He will admit them
to mercy from Himself and bounty and guide them to Himself on a
straight path. (An-Nisaa’ 4:175)
You will also notice that the word as-sirat
(path) in the surah (chapter) has the definite article “Al”. The
definite article is close to the meaning of ‘the’ which renders it ‘the
straight path’ in English and has several possible meanings in Arabic.
Here it is said that it denotes something definite which is in the mind
as well as in reality.
For example, when students waiting for
their teacher to arrive say ‘the teacher is late.’ The teacher they are
referring to is known amongst them and in their minds they know exactly
who they are referring to. In that sense, grammatically, ‘the teacher’
is a definite noun phrase and not an indefinite one. They would not say a
teacher is late in this case.
Similarly, in this case, it is a
specific and definite known path that we are seeking guidance to. It is
the path that Allah has ordained for the people that He has favored, the
path that leads to His Pleasure and His Paradise, which is in fact His deen (religion) – besides which nothing is acceptable to Him.
It is said that it is also the path that
we intuitively know in the deepest core of our hearts that must exist
because as human beings we were affirmed, when we were created, that
Allah is our Rabb (Lord).
All praise is to Allah Who has gently
guided us to the straight path, described to us with crystal clarity its
features and guided us to pray for it every day of our lives.
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